Climate change is disrupting ‘the language of life’ across all types of ecosystems

Climate change is disrupting essential chemical communication processes across all types of the Earth’s ecosystems, according to new research.

An opinion paper published this week is the first time researchers have demonstrated that climate change affects in similar patterns the interactions between organisms in different realms.

Chemical communication plays an essential role in ecosystems, enabling organisms to mate and interact with each other; locate predators, food and habitats; and sense their environment.

‘A wake-up call’

The opinion paper shows the extent to which alterations in temperature, carbon dioxide and pH levels – created as a result of climate change – can affect every step of this fundamental way in which organisms communicate with each other.

These chemical communication processes regulate interactions in the Earth’s ecosystems and are essential to our environment.

Dr Christina C Roggatz, Research Fellow in Marine Chemical Ecology at the University of Hull and lead author of the paper, said:

This paper is a wake-up call. We are heavily reliant on the Earth’s ecosystems and the chemical communications that regulate them.

The predominantly negative effects that climate change has upon the language of life within terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems could have a range of far-reaching implications for the future of our planet and human wellbeing, for example by impacting food security and fundamental ecosystem services that make our planet habitable.

Chemical communication in jeopardy

The paper was published on 16 May in the Global Change Biology journal. It’s titled ‘Becoming nose-blind – climate change impacts on chemical communication’. And it was co-authored by the University of Hull, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, the Universite de Liege and the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ.

It is an overview of existing evidence and insight across marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems.

Dr Patrick Fink, co-author and research group leader at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, said:

Chemical communication is the ubiquitous language of life on earth – but this is being jeopardised by global change.

There’s no talking with words for life under water, so aquatic organisms ‘talk’ in chemical signals.

But this fine-tuned ‘language’ is in peril. Globally changing climate and water chemistry are causing acidification threats that may disturb chemical information exchange among freshwater and marine organisms.

A call for understanding

The authors also call for a systematic, universal framework approach to address the highlighted knowledge gaps.

Roggatz said:

Although a growing number of studies suggest that climate change-associated stressors cause adverse effects on the communication between organisms, knowledge of the underlying mechanisms remains scarce.

We urgently need a systematic approach to be able to compare results and fully understand the potentially disruptive impact that climate change is having upon each step of this fundamental communication process. Understanding this means we are better equipped to predict and protect the future of our planet.